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Cyber Attacks As Force
Summary
Cyber-attacks causing significant economic damage can be considered a use of force under international law. Attribution to state actors is crucial for legal arguments. The Tallinn Manual supports that cyber operations causing physical damage, injury, or significant economic impact can be considered a use of force. States are responsible for cyber operations conducted by their organs or entities under their control.Full Conversation
Certainly! Below are the arguments structured for your presentation before the International Court of Justice (ICJ):
Argument: Attribution
- **Evidence from IP Addresses**: Cyber security experts from the Eastasian Institute of Technology traced the malware used in the attacks to IP addresses within Oceania’s governmental computer infrastructures.
- **Malware Code**: Significant segments of the malware code used were exact replicas of those in Oceania’s ‘Rocket Bomb’ program, which is not available to the general public.
- **Evidence from IP Addresses**: Cyber security experts from the Eastasian Institute of Technology traced the malware used in the attacks to IP addresses within Oceania’s governmental computer infrastructures.
- **Malware Code**: Significant segments of the malware code used were exact replicas of those in Oceania’s ‘Rocket Bomb’ program, which is not available to the general public.
Argument: Prohibition of Use of Force
- **Article *(*) of the UN Charter**: According to Article *(*), states are prohibited from using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state.
- **Economic and Infrastructure Damage**: The cyber-attacks caused substantial economic damage, estimated at €*-* million, and disrupted essential services like legal proceedings and media operations.
- **Disruption of Essential Services**: The attacks led to the bankruptcy of Goldstein LLP and the temporary shutdown of The Charrington Observer, severely impacting Eastasia's legal and informational infrastructure.
- **Article *(*) of the UN Charter**: According to Article *(*), states are prohibited from using force against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state.
- **Economic and Infrastructure Damage**: The cyber-attacks caused substantial economic damage, estimated at €*-* million, and disrupted essential services like legal proceedings and media operations.
- **Disruption of Essential Services**: The attacks led to the bankruptcy of Goldstein LLP and the temporary shutdown of The Charrington Observer, severely impacting Eastasia's legal and informational infrastructure.
Argument: Definition of Force
- **Cyber-Attacks as Force**: Contemporary international law recognizes that cyber-attacks causing significant economic damage and disruption of
- **Cyber-Attacks as Force**: Contemporary international law recognizes that cyber-attacks causing significant economic damage and disruption of
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