Understanding Document Originals

Summary

An original document is the initial signed version, holding the highest evidential value. The Parol Evidence Rule in contract law prevents introducing evidence that contradicts a written agreement, with exceptions like fraud or ambiguity. Evidence Aliunde clarifies document context. In the Philippines, admissible evidence must be relevant, competent, material, authentic, and comply with the Best Evidence Rule.

Full Conversation

*. What is an original of a document according to philippine laws
In Philippine law, the original of a document refers to the primary version that is signed or executed. It is considered the most authentic source and holds the highest evidential value in legal proceedings. Are you dealing with a specific legal situation involving document authenticity?
*. What is the Parole Evidence Rule?
The Parol Evidence Rule is a principle in contract law. Here’s a brief explanation:
- It prevents parties in a written contract from presenting extrinsic evidence (oral or written) that contradicts or adds to the terms of the written agreement.
- Exceptions exist, such as evidence of fraud, mistake, or duress.
Is there a specific situation or contract you're dealing with?
*. What is the Parole Evidence Rule?
Case Rating: *
The Parol Evidence Rule is a principle in contract law that prevents parties from presenting certain evidence that contradicts or adds to a written agreement. Exceptions include fraud, mistake, or duress. Are you dealing with a specific contract or situation where this rule might apply?
*. What are the exceptions to the Parole Evidence Rule
Case Rating: *
The Parol Evidence Rule has several exceptions, including:
- Evidence of fraud, mistake, or duress.
- Clarification of ambiguous terms.
- Proving a condition precedent.
- Evidence of subsequent agreements.
- Showing a void or voidable contract.
Are you dealing with a specific contract where these exceptions might apply?
*. What is Evidence Aliunde
Case Rating: *
Evidence Aliunde refers to evidence that is derived from a source separate from the original document. It is presented to explain or clarify the content or context of the original document, often used to establish the authenticity or validity of the document in question. Are you dealing with a specific legal case where this might be applicable?
*. What are the requirements for admissibility of evidence?
Case Rating: *
In the Philippines, for evidence to be admissible in court, it typically must meet the following requirements:
- Relevance: The evidence must be directly related to the case and have the ability to prove or disprove a fact in question.
- Competence: The evidence must comply with legal rules and be presented by a qualified source.
- Materiality: The evidence must be significant and have a bearing on the outcome of the case.
- Authenticity: The evidence must be genuine and verifiable as what it claims to be.
- Best Evidence Rule: The original document or best available evidence should be presented, especially in cases involving written documents.
Are you dealing with a specific case where evidence admissibility is a concern?