Contractual Obligations And Liabilities

Summary

This summary covers various legal scenarios related to contractual obligations and liabilities. It includes situations where a party is liable for delivering a specific item even after a fortuitous event, the implications of solidary liability among debtors, and the conditions under which contracts can be voidable due to defective consent. It also addresses the enforceability of contracts under the Statute of Frauds, the concept of solutio indebiti, and the requirements for a contract to be valid. Additionally, it explains the consequences of a debtors delay in fulfilling an obligation and the legal effects of a contract with an illegal cause. Understanding these principles can help in navigating legal obligations and potential disputes.

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Mica obliged herself to give a specific car to Ara on December *, *, stipulating that Mica is liable even if the thing is lost due to a fortuitous event, and without the need of a demand. On the due date, the car got lost due to a fortuitous event. Which of the following is correct? Group of answer choices Ara can require another person to deliver a car, expenses chargeable to Mica. Obligation remains to subsist, but converted into monetary consideration. Ara can compel Mica to deliver another car. Obligation is totally extinguished.
In this situation, the correct answer would be:
Ara can compel Mica to deliver another car.
Since Mica stipulated liability even in the event of a loss due to a fortuitous event, she remains obligated to fulfill her end of the contract by delivering another car to Ara.
Abi, Jeron and Jason were solidarily liable to Kim in the amount of P60,* payable on February *, *. On February *, *, Abi and Jeron offered to pay, but Kim accepted Abi's offer and she (Abi) paid the whole amount to Kim. Supposed Jason cannot reimburse Abi because he was declared to be insolvent, which of the following is correct: Group of answer choices Jeron shall be liable to Abi for P30,* Jeron shall be liable to Abi for P20,* Jeron shall be liable to Abi for P40,* Jeron shall not be liable to Abi.
In this situation, the correct answer is:
Jeron shall be liable to Abi for P40,*.
Here's why: Since Abi, Jeron, and Jason are solidarily liable, each of them is liable for the entire amount of P60,*. If one of them (in this case, Abi) pays the whole amount, they can seek reimbursement from the others. Normally, each would reimburse P20,* (one-third of P60,*). However, since Jason is insolvent, his share (P20,*) must be divided between Abi and Jeron. Therefore, Jeron must reimburse Abi for his original share (P20,*) plus half of Jason's share (P10,*), totaling P30,*.
Liz obliged himself to deliver to Jeron either a Mercedes Benz car or a Ford Expedition (both specific). Due solely to the eruption of Taal Volcano the Mercedes Benz was destroyed. Group of answer choices Liz's obligation is totally extinguished. Jeron my demand the value of the Mercedes Benz plus damages. Jeron may demand the value of the Mercedes Benz. The obligation of Liz becomes a simple obligation to deliver the Ford Expedition to Jeron.
In this situation, the correct answer is:
The obligation of Liz becomes a simple obligation to deliver the Ford Expedition to Jeron.
Here's why: Since Liz was obliged to deliver either of the two specific cars, and one of them (the Mercedes Benz) was destroyed due to a fortuitous event, the obligation to deliver the remaining car (the Ford Expedition) remains.
On August *, *, Abi entered into a contract with Kim. On January *, *, Abi discovered that there was fraud and that this fraud vitiated her consent at the time she entered into the contract. The annulment of the contract. The action for annulment of the contract may be brought: Group of answer choices Within four years from the time of fraud. Within four years from August *, *. Anytime, since there is no prescriptive period when consent is vitiated by fraud. Within four years from January *, *.
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The correct answer is: Within four years from January *, *.
In this situation, the action for annulment of the contract may be brought within four years from the time the fraud was discovered (January *, *).
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Under hypnotic spell will not make a contract voidable since this cannot be proven to have any basis. Alcoholism will make a contract voidable. Group of answer choices The first is false; the second is true Both statements are false Both statements are true The first is true; the second is false
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The correct answer is: Both statements are false.
- Being under a hypnotic spell can actually make a contract voidable as it can impair the person's ability to give consent.
- Alcoholism alone does not automatically make a contract voidable unless it can be proven that the person was incapacitated at the time of the contract.
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A judicial relation called solutio indebiti takes place: Group of answer choices When a person voluntarily takes charge of another's abandoned business or property without the owner's consent. When something is received and there is no right to demand it and it and it was delivered through mistake. When a third person finds a solution to the problems in the account of another. When a person is appointed by the court to take charge of the property of business of another.
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Solutio indebiti occurs when something is received without the right to demand it and it was delivered through mistake.
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Which of the following contract is required to be in writing to be enforceable? Group of answer choices All of the foregoing. An agreement that by its terms is to be performed within one year from the making thereof. An agreement for a mutual promise to marry. A special promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another.
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To answer your question, the contract that is required to be in writing to be enforceable is:
- A special promise to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another.
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Which of the following is an essential requisite of a contract without which the contract can exist Group of answer choices Consent Cause All of the foregoing None of the foregoing Object
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The answer to your question is:
- All of the foregoing
For a contract to be valid, it must have the following essential requisites:
*. Consent of the contracting parties.
*. Object certain which is the subject matter of the contract.
*. Cause of the obligation which is established.
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Statement *: When one of the solidary debtor cannot because of his insolvency reimburse his share to the debtor paying the obligation, such share shall be borne by all co-debtors, in proportion to the debt of each. Statement *: Payment by a solidary debtor shall not entitle him to reimbursement from his co-debtor if such payment is made after the obligation has prescribed or become illegal. Group of answer choices Both statements are false Both statements are true First is false; second is true First is true; second is false
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Both statements are true.
- Statement *: In cases of insolvency of one solidary debtor, the share of the insolvent debtor is borne by the remaining co-debtors proportionately.
- Statement *: A solidary debtor cannot seek reimbursement for payments made after the obligation has prescribed or become illegal.
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If the motive of the persons entering into a contract are against law, public policy or good customs, then the contract is voidable. Group of answer choices True False
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False. If the motive of the persons entering into a contract is against law, public policy, or good customs, the contract is considered void, not voidable. A void contract has no legal effect from the beginning, while a voidable contract is valid until annulled.
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Which of the following statements is true? Group of answer choices Stipulation exempting liability for future fraud is void. Stipulation exempting liability for negligence (simple or gross) is valid. None of the foregoing. Stipulation exempting liability for simple negligence is void.
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Based on the provided information, the true statement is:
- Stipulation exempting liability for future fraud is void.
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Statute of Frauds refers to validity not enforceability. Group of answer choices True False
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The correct answer is False. The Statute of Frauds pertains to the enforceability of certain types of contracts, not their validity. Contracts covered by the Statute of Frauds must be in writing to be enforceable.
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This consists in the abandonment of all property of the debtor for the benefit of his creditors in order that the latter may apply the proceeds thereof to the satisfaction of their credit. Group of answer choices Compensation Novation Confusion Cession
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The legal concept you are referring to is Cession. Cession involves the debtor abandoning all their property for the benefit of their creditors so that the proceeds can be applied to satisfy their debts.
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Which of the following is not an essential requisite of a contract? Group of answer choices Consent Form Consideration Object
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The answer to your question is:
- Form
Form is not an essential requisite of a contract. The essential requisites of a contract are consent, object, and consideration.
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When there is a lack of a reasonable care and vigilance which a man of ordinary prudence would have employed, this is considered: Group of answer choices Fraud Deceit Force Majeure Negligence
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The correct answer to your question is: Negligence.
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Joshua obliged to deliver * cases of softdrinks to Cyd on Chritmas *. On Chirstmas *, Joshua was only able to deliver * cases of softdrinks to Cyd, which Cyd saw and accepted without any objections. Which of the following is correct: Group of answer choices Cyd may ask for specific performance from Joshua to deliver the remaining cases with damages. With the acceptance of Cyd, the obligation of Joshua was deemed complied with. Cyd may rescind the obligation and ask for the value of the * cases plus damages. The obligation of Joshua is not extinguished and he is obliged to deliver the remaining cases without any damages.
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With the acceptance of Cyd, the obligation of Joshua was deemed complied with. When Cyd accepted the delivery of * cases without any objections, it implied that she waived her right to demand the remaining * cases.
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Which one is not source of obligation: Group of answer choices Law Morals Contracts Quasi-Contract
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Morals are not a source of obligation. Obligations arise from law, contracts, quasi-contracts, and delicts (torts).
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In onerous contracts, the cause is understood to be: Group of answer choices Love and charity of the donor None of the foregoing Previous service or benefit remunerated The liberality of the benefactor All of the foregoing
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The correct answer to your question is "Previous service or benefit remunerated." In onerous contracts, the cause is typically understood as the service or benefit that is compensated or remunerated.
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Mica and Ara promised to deliver a Rolex Watch valued at P500,* to Jeron on or before April *, *. On April *, *, Jeron demanded delivery from Mica and Ara. Ara was willing to deliver but Mica refused to deliver the watch. Group of answer choices The liability of the debtors will be dependent upon Jeron. Mica shall be liable for P250,* with damages and Ara shall be liable for P250,* without damages. Both Mica and Ara shall be liable for P250,* each with *-* share in the damages. Either Mica and Ara shall be liable for the whole amount of P500,* plus damages.
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In this situation, Mica and Ara are jointly liable to Jeron for the full amount of P500,* since they are co-debtors in delivering the Rolex Watch. Mica's refusal to deliver makes her liable for the breach.
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If the obligation consists in the delivery of a determinate thing, the debtor who incurs delay shall not be responsible for a fortuitous event. Group of answer choices True False
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False. If the obligation consists in the delivery of a determinate thing and the debtor incurs delay, the debtor is generally responsible for a fortuitous event that occurs during the delay.
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If the cause of the contract is illegal but there is no criminal offense and both parties are guilty or in pari delicto: Group of answer choices Either of the parties may be compelled to comply with his obligation. None of the foregoing. Neither party may recover what he has given by virtue of the contract. Either of the parties may demand the return of what he has given.
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In the given scenario, if the cause of the contract is illegal but there is no criminal offense, and both parties are *in pari delicto* (equally at fault):
- Neither party may recover what he has given by virtue of the contract.
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Consent of the parties is a necessary element in type of sources of obligations. Group of answer choices None of the foregoing Quasi-Contract Contracts Quasi-Delict
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In the context of the sources of obligations, consent of the parties is necessary for:
- Contracts
It is not required for quasi-contracts, quasi-delicts, or delicts.
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When the thing is lost in the possession of the debtor: Group of answer choices The creditor has the duty to prove that the loss was due to the debtor's fault. It shall be presumed that the loss was due to his fault. The debtor shall be automatically liable for damages. It is presumed that the loss was due to a fortuitous event.
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When the thing is lost in the possession of the debtor, it shall be presumed that the loss was due to his fault.
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Which of the following contracts is required to be in writing to be enforceable? Group of answer choices A promise to answer for the debt of another. An agreement that by its terms is not to be performed within one-year. When the subject matter of the contract is worth more than P500. All of the foregoing.
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To answer your question, the contract that is required to be in writing to be enforceable is:
- A promise to answer for the debt of another.
- An agreement that by its terms is not to be performed within one year.
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Void contracts can be ratified. Group of answer choices True False
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False. Void contracts cannot be ratified as they are considered null and void from the beginning and have no legal effect. Would you like to ask anything else related to this issue or any other legal matter?
Which of the following is not a special mode of payment: Group of answer choices None of the foregoing Application of Payment Tender of Payment and Consignation Cession
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The correct answer is: None of the foregoing.
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The delivery and transmission of ownership of thing by the debtor to the creditor as an accepted equivalent of the performance of the obligation is called Group of answer choices Dacion en Pago Consignation Remission Payment by cession
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The term you're looking for is Dacion en Pago. This is when the debtor delivers and transfers ownership of a thing to the creditor as an accepted equivalent of the performance of the obligation.
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Ben, who is 17 years old, purchases a car from Kia Motors. Ben's contract is: Group of answer choices Unenforceable Void Voidable Valid
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Ben's contract is voidable. Since Ben is a minor, he has the option to void the contract because he is not of legal age to enter into binding agreements. However, the contract remains valid until he chooses to void it.
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If the terms of the contract are clear and leave no doubt of the intention of the parties: Group of answer choices The interpretation which is closest to make it valid. The literal meaning of the stipulations shall control. The interpretation shall be based on customs and usage. The interpretation of the judge will be controlling.
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The correct answer would be: The literal meaning of the stipulations shall control.
When the terms of a contract are clear and leave no doubt about the intention of the parties, the literal meaning of the stipulations shall control. This principle ensures that the contract is interpreted based on its clear and explicit terms.
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Abi, Jeron and Jason were solidarily liable to Kim in the amount of P60,* payable on February *, *. Supposed Abi made payment before February *, *, which of the following is correct: Group of answer choices Interest may be paid only by Abi when Jeron or Jason is inlsovent. Interest must be paid in either case. No interest for the intervening period may be demanded by Kim. Interest for the intervening period may be demanded by Kim.
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Given the scenario:
- No interest for the intervening period may be demanded by Kim.
Interest is typically due from the time an obligation is payable. Since Abi paid before the due date, there is no period for which interest can be claimed.
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Contract with defective consent is voidable, with or without damage. Group of answer choices True False
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True. A contract with defective consent is voidable, regardless of whether there is damage. This means the contract remains valid until annulled by the party whose consent was defective.
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When the obligation consists in not doing, the obligation is Group of answer choices None of the foregoing. Negative personal obligation Positive personal obligation Specific real obligation
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The obligation to refrain from doing something is considered a negative personal obligation.
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In a joint indivisible obligation, if any of of the debtors does not comply with his undertaking: Group of answer choices The liability for damages is payable by all the debtors. The liability for damages is inexistent, None of the foregoing. The liability for damages is payable by the debtor who does not comply.
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In a joint indivisible obligation, if any of the debtors does not comply with his undertaking:
- The liability for damages is payable by the debtor who does not comply.
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Abi promises to give Cyd P25,* if Abi donates her L300 Van to the Hospicio de San Jose. Which statement is true? Group of answer choices The conditional obligation is void because it is potestative. The conditional obligation is void because it is casual condition. The conditional obligation is not void but a valid one. The conditional obligation is void because it is a mixed condition.
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The correct answer is:
- The conditional obligation is not void but a valid one.
The condition is potestative on the part of Abi but this does not make the obligation void. It is valid as long as the condition is fulfilled.
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When only one prestation has been agreed upon, but the debtor may render another in substitution, this obligation is called: Group of answer choices Alternative Potestative Facultative Indivisible
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This type of obligation is called a Facultative Obligation. Here, the debtor is obliged to perform a specific prestation but is given the option to render another prestation as a substitute.
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Mistake may invalidate consent when: Group of answer choices There is mistake of the law. None of the foregoing. The party alleging it knew the doubt, contingency or risk affecting the object of the contract. The mistake refers to those conditions which have principally moved either or both parties to enter into a contract.
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Mistake may invalidate consent when:
- The mistake refers to those conditions which have principally moved either or both parties to enter into a contract.
This means that if a party's consent to a contract was based on a fundamental mistake regarding the contract's conditions, the contract could be invalidated.
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The following are requisites of Application of Payments, except: Group of answer choices The debts must be of the same kind. None of the foregoing. The payments made must be sufficient to cover all the debts. There must be one debtor and one creditor.
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The correct answer to the question about the requisites of Application of Payments is:
- The payments made must be sufficient to cover all the debts.
This is not a requisite for the application of payments. Instead, the payments made should be applied to the debts according to the parties' agreement or the debtor's indication.
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This form of extinguishment of an obligations takes place when two persons, in their own right, are creditors and debtors of each other: Group of answer choices Novation Compensation Condonation Confusion
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The correct answer to your question is:
- Compensation
Compensation occurs when two persons, in their own right, are creditors and debtors of each other, effectively extinguishing their obligations to one another to the extent of their corresponding debts.
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If an obligation to do has been poorly done, the creditor may have the same undone at the expense of the debtor. Group of answer choices True False
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True. If an obligation to do has been poorly done, the creditor may have the same undone at the expense of the debtor, according to the Civil Code of the Philippines. This is supported by Article * of the Civil Code.