Workplace Temperature Compliance Issue

Summary

Brief Summary: Adams employer must maintain a minimum indoor temperature of 18°c as per the EU Directive. Edens existing legislation does not override this requirement. If Adam suffers health issues or personal losses due to the cold, he may have grounds to seek compensation.

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Nassau is a small landlocked (fictitious) Member State of the European Union (EU). It has borders with three other (fictitious EU Member States: Palatine, Lorraine, and Wallonia. All residents of Nassau are obliged by law to have health insurance with the Nassau Health Fund (NHF), a body controlled and funded by the government of Nassau. Patients insured with the NHF have to pay all medical bills up front, but the NHF usually reimburses all medical expenses, including bill for dental treatment and medication. Two companies producing dental implants operate in Nassau. Section * of the new Medical Act of Nassau (MAN) allows residents of Nassau to be reimbursed for dental implants produced in Palatine and Wallonia as long as they seek permission from the NHF before purchasing them. In Lorraine there are several factories producing dental implants situated within * yards of the border with Nassau. However, the NHF does not offer residents of Nassau reimbursement of the cost of dental implants produced in Lorraine. The preamble to the MAN suggests that its objectives are to ensure the survival of the Nassau dental implants industry and the financial stability of the national health insurance system. Section * of the MAN limits the sale of all types of medication to registered pharmacies in Nassau. The sale of medication in other shops, petrol station or via the internet is no longer allowed. This is particularly hard for several companies in Palatine who previously operated successful internet facilities for the sale of medications, especially to customers in Nassau. Discuss the legality under EU law of section * and * of the MAN.
Under EU law, Section * of the MAN may be seen as discriminatory towards Lorraine and could potentially violate the principle of free movement of goods. Section * of the MAN, restricting the sale of medication, may contravene EU law principles promoting free trade and competition.
The European Union has regularly been accused of suffering from a democratic deficit. Taking into account the composition of the EU institutions and their respective law-making powers, critically evaluate the state of democracy in the EU.
The EU is often criticized for a perceived democratic deficit. Key factors include:
- The European Commission, despite its significant power, is not directly elected.
- The Council of the EU is composed of national ministers, not direct EU representatives.
- The European Parliament, though directly elected, lacks the power to initiate legislation.
- Lack of transparency in decision-making processes.
These factors can lead to a sense of distance between EU citizens and decision-makers.